MODULE 6A: DATA REPRESENTATION (60 Advanced & Trending Questions)

Q1. What is the 2's Complement of the binary number 1010?

A) 0101

B) 0110

C) 0111

D) 1100

E) 1011

Answer: B (Step 1: Invert 1010 -> 0101. Step 2: Add 1 -> 0110).

 

Q2. Which logic gate corresponds to the boolean expression

𝑌=𝐴⋅𝐵 ?

A) AND

B) OR

C) NAND

D) NOR

E) XOR

Answer: C (Not AND).

 

Q3. The hexadecimal number 2A is equal to which decimal number?

A) 20

B) 32

C) 42

D) 26

E) 40

Answer: C (2×16¹+10×16⁰=32+10=42).

 

Q4. "Unicode" standard (UTF-8/16) was developed primarily to:

A) Save memory.

B) Support only English characters.

C) Provide a unique number for every character across all languages and scripts (Universal encoding).

D) Encrypt data.

E) Compress text.

Answer: C

 

Q5. In Boolean Algebra, the Idempotent Law states that 𝐴+𝐴=?

 

A) 2𝐴

 

B) 1

 

C) 𝐴

 

D) 0

 

E) 𝐴²

 

Answer: C

 

Q6. What is the result of binary addition: 1101+101 ?

A) 10010

B) 10100

C) 11110

D) 10001

E) 11111

Answer: A

 

Q7. Which coding system uses 4 bits to represent each decimal digit individually (0-9)?

A) ASCII

B) BCD (Binary Coded Decimal)

C) EBCDIC

D) Gray Code

E) Unicode

Answer: B

 

Q8. The "Gray Code" is also known as:

A) Weighted Code

B) Reflected Binary Code (Unit Distance Code)

C) Alphanumeric Code

D) Excess-3 Code

E) Error Code

Answer: B (Only one bit changes between successive values).

 

Q9. Which logic gate acts as a "Controlled Inverter" (Inverts input if control is 1, passes if 0)?

A) AND

B) OR

C) XOR

D) NAND

E) NOR

Answer: C

 

Q10. How many bits are required to address a memory of 4 GB (Gigabytes)?

A) 30

B) 32

C) 20

D) 16

E) 64

Answer: B (2³²=4 GB   294,967,296bytes).

 

Q11. The octal equivalent of the decimal number 15 is:

A) 15

B) 16

C) 17

D) 20

E) 71

Answer: C (1×8+7=15).

 

Q12. What is the value of the MSB (Most Significant Bit) in an 8-bit signed binary number (2's complement) representing -128?

A) 0

B) 1

C) -1

D) 128

E) -128

Answer: B (1 indicates negative).

 

Q13. "ASCII" is a:

A) 7-bit code (Standard)

B) 8-bit code (Extended)

C) 16-bit code

D) Both A and B

E) 32-bit code

Answer: D (Standard is 7, Extended is 8).

 

Q14. The logic gate that produces a High (1) output only when the number of High inputs is Odd is:

A) OR

B) AND

C) XOR (Odd Parity Generator)

D) XNOR

E) NOR

Answer: C

 

Q15. The boolean expression 𝐴⋅(𝐴+𝐵)  simplifies to:

A) 𝐴

 

B) 𝐵

 

C) 𝐴⋅𝐵

 

D) 𝐴+𝐵

 

E) 1

 

Answer: A (Absorption Law).

 

Q16. Which number system is base 16?

A) Octal

B) Binary

C) Hexadecimal

D) Decimal

E) Sexagesimal

Answer: C

 

Q17. Which of the following is a "Weighted Code"?

A) Excess-3

B) Gray Code

C) 8421 Code (BCD)

D) ASCII

E) Morse Code

Answer: C

 

Q18. The "Radix" of the Octal system is:

A) 2

B) 8

C) 10

D) 16

E) 64

Answer: B

 

Q19. Converting (1111) Binary to Hexadecimal gives:

A) A

B) E

C) F

D) 15

E) 10

Answer: C

 

Q20. "De Morgan's First Theorem" states that 𝐴⋅𝐵  is equal to:

A) 𝐴+𝐵

B) 𝐴⋅𝐵

C) 𝐴+𝐵

D) 𝐴+𝐵

E) 𝐴⋅𝐵

 

Answer: A (Break the line, change the sign).

 

Q21. "Floating Point Representation" allows computers to store:

A) Integers only.

B) Text.

C) Real numbers (fractions) with very large or very small magnitudes.

D) Images.

E) Audio.

Answer: C

 

Q22. In IEEE 754 Single Precision standard, how many bits are used?

A) 16

B) 32

C) 64

D) 128

E) 8

Answer: B

 

Q23. Which gate is known as the "Universal Gate"?

A) AND

B) XOR

C) NAND (and NOR)

D) OR

E) NOT

Answer: C

 

Q24. 1 Byte equals:

A) 4 bits

B) 8 bits

C) 16 bits

D) 32 bits

E) 2 nibbles

Answer: B

 

Q25. "Parity Bit" is used for:

A) Encryption.

B) Error Detection (Single bit errors).

C) Error Correction.

D) Compression.

E) Speed.

Answer: B

 

Q26. What is the decimal value of Binary 0.1?

A) 0.1

B) 0.5

C) 0.25

D) 0.2

E) 1.0

Answer: B (1×2⁻¹=1/2=0.5).

 

Q27. The code used in EBCDIC (IBM Mainframes) is:

A) 6-bit

B) 7-bit

C) 8-bit

D) 16-bit

E) 32-bit

Answer: C

 

Q28. "Half Adder" circuit adds:

A) Two bits.

B) Three bits.

C) Two bytes.

D) Two words.

E) Two nibbles.

Answer: A

 

Q29. "Full Adder" adds:

A) Two bits.

B) Three bits (Two inputs + Carry In).

C) Four bits.

D) Two bytes.

E) Five bits.

Answer: B

 

Q30. A "Decoder" with 3 inputs has how many outputs?

A) 3

B) 6

C) 8 (2323)

D) 9

E) 1

Answer: C

 

Q31. A "Multiplexer" (MUX) is often called a:

A) Data Distributor

B) Data Selector

C) Encoder

D) Decoder

E) Counter

Answer: B

 

Q32. The "Resolution" of a screen depends on the:

A) Number of Pixels.

B) Size of the monitor.

C) Refresh rate.

D) Color depth.

E) Brightness.

Answer: A

 

Q33. Which boolean expression represents an XOR gate?

A) 𝐴⋅𝐵+𝐴ˉ⋅𝐵ˉ 

B) 𝐴⋅𝐵ˉ+𝐴ˉ⋅𝐵

C) 𝐴+𝐵

D) 𝐴⋅𝐵

E) 𝐴+𝐵

          ​Answer: B

 

Q34. The maximum positive integer that can be represented by 8 bits (unsigned) is:

A) 127

B) 128

C) 255

D) 256

E) 512

Answer: C (2⁸−1).

 

Q35. "Overflow" occurs when:

A) The computer is too hot.

B) The result of an arithmetic operation exceeds the number of bits allocated to store it.

C) Water gets in the CPU.

D) The hard drive is full.

E) The internet is slow.

Answer: B

 

Q36. Which logic family consumes the least power?

A) TTL

B) ECL

C) CMOS

D) RTL

E) NMOS

Answer: C

 

Q37. The "Truth Table" for an AND gate has a '1' output only when:

A) All inputs are 0.

B) All inputs are 1.

C) Any input is 1.

D) Inputs are different.

E) Any input is 0.

Answer: B

 

Q38. "Flip-Flop" stores:

A) 1 Byte.

B) 1 Bit.

C) 1 Word.

D) 1 KB.

E) Nothing.

Answer: B

 

Q39. Convert (1011) Binary to Decimal.

A) 9

B) 10

C) 11

D) 12

E) 13

Answer: C (8+2+1=11 ).

 

Q40. "Sign-Magnitude" representation has a disadvantage of:

A) It cannot represent negative numbers.

B) It has two representations for Zero (+0 and -0).

C) It is too complex.

D) It uses too many bits.

E) It is slow.

Answer: B

 

Q41. A "Nibble" is:

A) 2 bits

B) 4 bits

C) 8 bits

D) 16 bits

E) 32 bits

Answer: B

 

Q42. The "Hamming Code" is used for:

A) Encryption.

B) Error Detection and Correction.

C) Compression.

D) Sorting.

E) Visuals.

Answer: B

 

Q43. Which of the following is NOT a positional number system?

A) Roman Number System (I, II, III, IV...)

B) Decimal

C) Binary

D) Octal

E) Hexadecimal

Answer: A

 

Q44. In the number 101.101, the place value of the bit immediately to the right of the point is:

A) 2⁰

B) 2¹

C) 2⁻¹ (Halves)

D) 2⁻²

E) 10⁻¹

 

Answer: C

 

Q45. "Bit Depth" determines:

A) The number of colors available for each pixel.

B) The screen size.

C) The internet speed.

D) The CPU speed.

E) The disk size.

Answer: A (e.g., 24-bit color = True Color).

 

Q46. "ASCII" stands for:

A) American Standard Code for Information Interchange

B) American Scientific Code for Information Interchange

C) Asian Standard Code for Information Interchange

D) Advanced Standard Code for Information Interchange

E) Automated System Code for Information Interchange

Answer: A

 

Q47. Which gate outputs a 1 if inputs are identical (Equality Detector)?

A) XOR

B) XNOR

C) AND

D) OR

E) NAND

Answer: B

 

Q48. "Sequential Circuits" (like Flip-Flops) differ from "Combinational Circuits" because:

A) They use a clock and have memory (Output depends on present input AND past history).

B) They are faster.

C) They have no memory (Output depends only on present input).

D) They use less power.

E) They are smaller.

Answer: A

 

Q49. "Shift Registers" are used to:

A) Store data permanently.

B) Move bits left or right (Serial data transfer).

C) Cool the CPU.

D) Print data.

E) Calculate sum.

Answer: B

 

Q50. "Counter" is a digital circuit used to:

A) Count pulses/events.

B) Count money.

C) Count words.

D) Count files.

E) Count errors only.

Answer: A

 

Q51. The "Octal" system is often used in computing as a shorthand for:

A) Binary (groups of 3 bits).

B) Decimal.

C) Hexadecimal.

D) Text.

E) Color.

Answer: A

 

Q52. (10)₁₆ in Decimal is:

A) 10

B) 16

C) 20

D) 100

E) A

Answer: B

 

Q53. A "Bus" in computer architecture is:

A) A vehicle.

B) A set of physical connections (wires) shared by multiple hardware components to communicate.

C) A type of memory.

D) A software.

E) A protocol.

Answer: B

 

Q54. "Big Endian" vs "Little Endian" refers to:

A) File size.

B) Byte order (Which byte of a multi-byte word is stored at the lowest memory address).

C) Screen resolution.

D) Keyboard layout.

E) Internet speed.

Answer: B

 

Q55. (77)₈+1=?  (Octal Addition)

A) 78

B) 80

C) 100

D) 10

E) 88

Answer: C (7+1=10 in Octal. Carry over leads to 100).

 

Q56. Which of the following is equivalent to 1 KB (in binary context)?

A) 2¹⁰ Bytes

B) 10³ Bytes

C) 2²⁰Bytes

D) 1000 Bytes

E) 2⁸ Bytes

Answer: A (1024).

 

Q57. "Pixel" stands for:

A) Picture Element

B) Picture Excel

C) Pixel Element

D) Point Element

E) Picture Electronic

Answer: A

 

Q58. "Vector Graphics" scale better than "Raster Graphics" (Bitmaps) because:

A) They use mathematical formulas (lines/curves) rather than a grid of pixels.

B) They are smaller.

C) They use more colors.

D) They are encrypted.

E) They are older.

Answer: A

 

Q59. "Resolution" of an image is often measured in:

A) PPI (Pixels Per Inch)

B) RPM

C) Hz

D) GB

E) Mbps

Answer: A

 

Q60. Which gate is equivalent to an OR gate with inverted inputs (𝐴ˉ+𝐵ˉ)?

A) NOR

B) NAND

C) XOR

D) AND

E) XNOR

Answer: B (De Morgan's Theorem).